Jindan waged two unsuccessful wars against the British, the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars of 1846-49, which brought about the annexation of the Punjab. In 1846, she was deposed as Regent and in February 1847, the British took possession of Lahore.
The British continued to see her as a major threat to their control of the Punjab as she was instrumental in organising the Sikh resistance.
Her son Duleepwas sent away from the palace and she was incarcerated in the fort at Sheikhurpura.
She later escaped and lived in exile in Nepal before being allowed to move to England to live with her son, who had been adopted as a godson by Queen Victoria and brought up as a young English gentleman.
Maharani Jindan Kaur died in August 1863 in her Kensington home in the country of her sworn enemy. Her body was brought back to India in 1864 and her ashes taken to Lahore in 1924.
Readers may recall Indian diplomat Navtej Sarna's elegant novel, The Exile, which chronicled Maharaja Duleep Singh's sad life.
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